在醫(yī)療設(shè)備的使用過程中，內(nèi)窺鏡的正常運(yùn)行對診斷結(jié)果至關(guān)重要。以下針對內(nèi)窺鏡常見故障，進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的故障現(xiàn)象分析、檢測流程及處理方法優(yōu)化，確保故障能夠得到及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確的排除。?

The normal operation of endoscopes is crucial for diagnostic results during the use of medical equipment. The following provides a detailed analysis of common malfunctions in endoscopes, optimizing the detection process and handling methods to ensure timely and accurate troubleshooting. ?

故障一：氣水噴嘴堵塞?

Fault 1: Blockage of air-water nozzle

故障現(xiàn)象?

Fault phenomenon

當(dāng)按下送氣送水按鈕后，正常情況下應(yīng)迅速有水流從氣水噴嘴噴出，但此時(shí)水流極為微弱，甚至完全無法流出 ，嚴(yán)重影響內(nèi)窺鏡檢查過程中對視野的清潔與觀察，干擾診斷工作的正常開展。?

When the air and water supply button is pressed, under normal circumstances, water should quickly spray out from the air and water nozzle. However, at this time, the water flow is extremely weak, or even completely unable to flow out, seriously affecting the cleanliness and observation of the field of view during endoscopic examination, and interfering with the normal development of diagnostic work. ?

故障檢測?

Fault detection

首先對氣泵系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全面檢查，通過專業(yè)的氣壓檢測設(shè)備，監(jiān)測氣泵的輸出氣壓是否在正常工作范圍（一般為 [X] - [X] kPa），同時(shí)觀察氣泵的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，包括電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)聲音、振動(dòng)情況等，確認(rèn)氣泵的供電、機(jī)械部件均無異常。排除氣泵故障后，根據(jù)氣水輸送原理，可初步判斷是氣水噴嘴發(fā)生堵塞。?

Firstly, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the air pump system, using professional air pressure detection equipment to monitor whether the output air pressure of the air pump is within the normal working range (generally [X] - [X] kPa). At the same time, observe the operating status of the air pump, including motor operation sound, vibration, etc., to confirm that the power supply and mechanical components of the air pump are normal. After troubleshooting the air pump, based on the principle of air-water transportation, it can be preliminarily determined that the air-water nozzle is blocked. ?

故障處理?

Fault handling

氣水噴嘴通過螺絲牢固鎖定在內(nèi)窺鏡先端部，進(jìn)行拆卸時(shí)，需使用專用的螺絲刀，按照逆時(shí)針方向緩慢旋轉(zhuǎn)螺絲，力度要均勻，避免因用力過猛導(dǎo)致螺絲滑絲或損壞周邊部件。取下氣水噴嘴后，可使用直徑合適的細(xì)鋼絲（如 0.5mm），小心翼翼地深入噴嘴內(nèi)部，輕柔地將堵塞的異物勾出。在這一過程中，嚴(yán)禁使用尖銳、過硬的工具，如鑷子、鐵釘?shù)?，因?yàn)閲娮觳馁|(zhì)較軟，尖銳工具極易造成噴嘴內(nèi)壁劃傷、變形，或?qū)е聡娮炫c連接部位松動(dòng)，引發(fā)新的故障。?

The air-water nozzle is securely locked to the tip of the endoscope using screws. When disassembling, a specialized screwdriver should be used to slowly rotate the screw counterclockwise with even force to avoid slipping or damaging surrounding components due to excessive force. After removing the air-water nozzle, a thin steel wire with a suitable diameter (such as 0.5mm) can be used to carefully penetrate into the nozzle and gently hook out any blocked foreign objects. During this process, it is strictly prohibited to use sharp and hard tools such as tweezers, iron nails, etc., as the nozzle material is relatively soft and sharp tools can easily cause scratches, deformation, or loosening of the nozzle and connection parts, leading to new faults. ?

異物清除后，將氣水噴嘴放入專用的清洗劑溶液中浸泡 15 - 20 分鐘，利用清洗劑的溶解和乳化作用，徹底清除殘留的污垢和雜質(zhì)，隨后用清水進(jìn)行反復(fù)沖洗，確保無清洗劑殘留。清洗完成后，將噴嘴放置在干凈、干燥、通風(fēng)良好的環(huán)境中自然晾干，避免使用高溫烘干設(shè)備，防止因溫度過高導(dǎo)致噴嘴材料變形。?

After removing foreign objects, immerse the air-water nozzle in a specialized cleaning solution for 15-20 minutes. Utilize the dissolution and emulsification effects of the cleaning agent to thoroughly remove any remaining dirt and impurities. Then rinse repeatedly with clean water to ensure that there are no cleaning agent residues. After cleaning, place the nozzle in a clean, dry, and well ventilated environment to air dry naturally. Avoid using high-temperature drying equipment to prevent deformation of the nozzle material due to high temperatures. ?

與此同時(shí)，使用高壓氣體對氣水管道進(jìn)行吹掃，將管道內(nèi)可能存在的異物碎屑排出。完成上述步驟后，將內(nèi)窺鏡與主機(jī)正確連接，開啟送氣功能，檢查氣路是否暢通。確認(rèn)無誤后，將氣水噴嘴重新安裝回原位，順時(shí)針擰緊螺絲，擰緊力矩需控制在規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)（一般為 [X] N?m） 。最后，在螺絲孔處及先端部氣水噴嘴周圍均勻涂抹一層密封膠，以增強(qiáng)密封性，防止氣體和液體泄漏，至此故障排除。?

At the same time, high-pressure gas is used to blow the gas water pipeline and remove any foreign objects or debris that may exist inside the pipeline. After completing the above steps, connect the endoscope correctly to the host, turn on the air supply function, and check if the air path is unobstructed. After confirming that there are no errors, reinstall the air-water nozzle back in place, tighten the screws clockwise, and control the tightening torque within the specified range (usually [X] N · m). Finally, apply a layer of sealant evenly around the screw hole and the tip of the air-water nozzle to enhance sealing and prevent gas and liquid leakage, thus eliminating the fault. ?

故障二：監(jiān)視器圖像模糊、暗淡?

Fault 2: The monitor image is blurry and dim

故障現(xiàn)象?

Fault phenomenon

在內(nèi)窺鏡使用過程中，監(jiān)視器屏幕顯示的圖像出現(xiàn)模糊不清的情況，物體邊緣輪廓難以分辨，同時(shí)圖像整體亮度明顯降低，呈現(xiàn)暗淡狀態(tài)，并且伴隨不規(guī)則的條紋干擾，嚴(yán)重影響醫(yī)生對病灶的觀察與判斷。?

During the use of endoscopes, the image displayed on the monitor screen appears blurry, making it difficult to distinguish the edge contours of objects. At the same time, the overall brightness of the image significantly decreases, presenting a dim state, and accompanied by irregular stripe interference, seriously affecting the doctor's observation and judgment of lesions. ?

故障檢測?

Fault detection

首先對電纜連接進(jìn)行細(xì)致檢查，查看電纜與內(nèi)窺鏡、主機(jī)、監(jiān)視器之間的接口是否牢固，有無松動(dòng)、氧化、變形等情況。使用萬用表對電纜的導(dǎo)通性進(jìn)行測試，確保電纜內(nèi)部線路無斷路、短路問題，經(jīng)檢測確認(rèn)連接正常，無接觸不良現(xiàn)象。?

Firstly, conduct a detailed inspection of the cable connection to check if the interface between the cable and the endoscope, host, and monitor is secure, and if there are any looseness, oxidation, deformation, or other issues. Use a multimeter to test the conductivity of the cable, ensuring that there are no open or short circuits in the internal wiring of the cable. After testing, it has been confirmed that the connection is normal and there are no poor contacts. ?

接著，使用專業(yè)的鏡頭紙，按照從中心向邊緣螺旋式的擦拭方法，對物鏡鏡頭進(jìn)行清潔，去除表面可能存在的灰塵、污漬。清潔完成后，再次觀察監(jiān)視器圖像，發(fā)現(xiàn)故障依然存在，由此判斷故障原因并非物鏡表面污染或擦痕所致，可排除物鏡及電纜因素。?

Next, use professional lens paper and use a spiral wiping method from the center to the edge to clean the objective lens and remove any dust or stains that may exist on the surface. After cleaning, observing the monitor image again, it was found that the fault still existed. Therefore, it was determined that the cause of the fault was not due to surface contamination or scratches on the objective lens, and the factors of the objective lens and cable could be ruled out. ?

隨后，打開監(jiān)視器外殼，對其內(nèi)部電源電路進(jìn)行檢測。使用萬用表測量整流橋后的直流電壓，發(fā)現(xiàn)直流 300V 電源濾波電容出現(xiàn)明顯的鼓包、變形現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)電路原理，濾波電容的主要作用是穩(wěn)定直流電壓，當(dāng)電容漏電時(shí)，會導(dǎo)致輸出電壓不穩(wěn)定且偏低，進(jìn)而影響圖像信號的正常處理和顯示，因此可確定電容漏電、電壓太低是引發(fā)該故障的主要原因。?

Subsequently, open the monitor casing and inspect its internal power circuit. Using a multimeter to measure the DC voltage after the rectifier bridge, it was found that the filtering capacitor of the DC 300V power supply had obvious bulging and deformation phenomena. According to the circuit principle, the main function of the filtering capacitor is to stabilize the DC voltage. When the capacitor leaks, it will cause the output voltage to be unstable and low, thereby affecting the normal processing and display of image signals. Therefore, it can be determined that capacitor leakage and low voltage are the main causes of this fault. ?

故障處理?

Fault handling

更換故障電容時(shí)，需選擇與原電容參數(shù)（容量、耐壓值等）完全相同的產(chǎn)品。先使用電烙鐵對故障電容的引腳進(jìn)行加熱，待焊錫融化后，小心取下舊電容，清理焊接點(diǎn)上殘留的焊錫和雜質(zhì)。然后將新電容正確安裝到焊接點(diǎn)上，確保引腳與電路板焊接牢固，無虛焊、假焊現(xiàn)象。焊接完成后，仔細(xì)檢查電路板上是否存在短路、元件損壞等其他問題。確認(rèn)無誤后，將監(jiān)視器外殼重新安裝好，接通電源，開啟內(nèi)窺鏡設(shè)備，此時(shí)監(jiān)視器圖像恢復(fù)清晰、明亮，故障成功排除。?

When replacing a faulty capacitor, it is necessary to choose a product with exactly the same parameters as the original capacitor (capacity, withstand voltage, etc.). First, use an electric soldering iron to heat the pins of the faulty capacitor. After the solder melts, carefully remove the old capacitor and clean the remaining solder and impurities on the soldering point. Then correctly install the new capacitor onto the soldering point, ensuring that the pins are firmly soldered to the circuit board without any virtual soldering or false soldering. After welding, carefully inspect the circuit board for short circuits, component damage, and other issues. After confirming the accuracy, reinstall the monitor housing, turn on the power, and turn on the endoscope device. At this point, the monitor image returns to clear and bright, and the fault is successfully resolved. ?

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