1. No image

（1）原因分析：沒有圖像是內窺鏡最常出現的故障，物鏡的損壞或者進水、內管柱狀透鏡的碎裂都會出現沒有圖像的現象，而內管透鏡只要其中一個柱狀透體碎裂就會導致沒有圖像。

(1) Cause analysis: no image is the most common fault of the endoscope. There will be no image due to the damage of the objective lens, water inflow and the fragmentation of the inner tubular cylindrical lens. As long as one of the cylindrical transparent bodies of the inner tubular lens is broken, there will be no image.

（2）排除方法：首先，借助放大鏡檢查鏡身有沒有凹痕或者彎曲；其次，看物鏡端有沒有破裂；檢查鏡子是否因密封性能不好造成進水。

(2) Troubleshooting: first, check whether the lens body is dented or bent with the help of a magnifying glass; Secondly, check whether the objective lens end is broken; Check the mirror for water ingress due to poor sealing performance.

2.圖像發暗

2. Image darkening

（1）原因分析：圖像發暗通常是由光源引起的，物鏡和光纖上的污物及硬鏡管內有潮氣進入也會使圖像發暗。

(1) Cause analysis: image darkening is usually caused by the light source. Dirt on the objective lens and optical fiber and moisture in the hard lens tube will also darken the image.

（2）排除方法：首先，采用更換法檢查光纖是不是斷裂太多（一般情況下光纖斷裂不超過15%可以繼續使用，一旦超過15%就會出現圖像發暗的現象）；其次，檢查硬鏡的物鏡和光纖上有沒有污物及灰塵；檢查鏡子的密封性是否完好。

(2) Elimination method: first, check whether the optical fiber is broken too much by using the replacement method (generally, the optical fiber can be used again if it is broken no more than 15%, and the image will be darkened if it is more than 15%); Secondly, check whether there is dirt and dust on the objective lens and optical fiber of the hard lens; Check whether the tightness of the mirror is intact.

3、圖像發黃

3. Image yellowing

（1）原因分析：圖像發黃大多數情況是由于物鏡組故障導致。

(1) Cause analysis: the yellowing of the image is mostly caused by the failure of the objective lens group.

（2）排除方法：首先，查看機器上的色彩參數是否設置正確；其次，檢查是不是有潮氣進入內鏡；觀察物鏡組上的黏膠有沒有老化引起的發黃。

(2) Troubleshooting: first, check whether the color parameters on the machine are set correctly; Secondly, check whether there is moisture entering the endoscope; Observe whether the adhesive on the objective lens group is yellowing caused by aging.

4、圖像內發現灰塵

4. Dust found in image

（1）原因分析：圖像內有灰塵一是物鏡、目鏡外有污物或者是整個光學系統比較臟引起的，二是柱狀透體與間隔管柱在使用期間有摩擦現象，也會產生細小粉末，時間長以灰塵狀反映在圖像上。

(1) Cause analysis: there is dust in the image. Firstly, there is dirt outside the objective lens and eyepiece or the whole optical system is dirty. Secondly, there is friction between the cylindrical transparent body and the spacer string during use, which will also produce fine powder, which will be reflected in the image in the form of dust for a long time.

（2）排除方法：檢查物鏡和目鏡上有沒有污物、灰塵和劃痕。

(2) Troubleshooting: check the objective lens and eyepiece for dirt, dust and scratches.

5、霧狀圖像

5. Fog image

（1）原因分析：產生霧狀圖像主要是有水汽進入，特別是由于老化，水汽從物鏡端、目鏡端及光纖封口處進入鏡體。

(1) Cause analysis: the fog image is mainly caused by the entry of water vapor, especially due to aging, water vapor enters the lens body from the objective end, eyepiece end and optical fiber seal.

（2）排除方法：檢查物鏡和目鏡端的密封性，檢查光纖接口處的密封性。

(2) Troubleshooting: check the tightness of the objective lens and eyepiece ends and the tightness of the optical fiber interface.

6、圖像變形有陰影

6. Image deformation with shadows

（1）原因分析：圖像變形有陰影多是由人為因素導致的工作管受力彎曲變形所致，也有可能是成像系統里面出現松動引起的。

(1) Cause analysis: the shadow of image deformation is mostly caused by the bending deformation of working pipe caused by human factors, or it may be caused by looseness in the imaging system.

（2）排除方法：轉動鏡子檢查鏡身是否扭曲或者彎曲。

(2) Troubleshooting: turn the mirror to check whether the mirror body is distorted or bent.