內窺鏡是比較精密而又價格昂貴的醫療設備。特別是纖維內鏡，由于它的導像束采用了非常“脆弱”和十分“嬌氣”的玻璃纖維束，而表面和內部各種管道采用了塑料制品，并且與金屬連接是用黏合劑固定的，機械傳動部分又采用細鋼絲牽引的，這些材料決定了內鏡具有比較短的正常使用壽命。一般臨床只能用千余例，就要進行檢修，甚至報廢。
Endoscope is a more precise and expensive medical equipment. Especially for fiber endoscope, because its image guide bundle adopts very "fragile" and "delicate" glass fiber bundle, while various pipes on the surface and inside are made of plastic products, and the connection with metal is fixed with adhesive, and the mechanical transmission part is led by fine steel wire, these materials determine that the endoscope has a relatively short normal service life. Generally, more than a thousand cases can only be used in clinic, which will be overhauled or even scrapped.
維修的分類：
Classification of maintenance:
（1）預防性維修，指在內鏡發生故障之前，使其保持在規定狀態所進行的全部活動。包括調整、潤滑、定期檢查、定期更換等。
(1) Preventive maintenance refers to all activities to keep the endoscope in the specified state before it fails. Including adjustment, lubrication, regular inspection, regular replacement, etc.
（2）修復性維修，也叫排除故障維修或者故障維修，是內鏡發生故障后，使其恢復到規定狀態所進行的全部活動。包括故障定位、隔離、分解、更換、安裝、調整、檢驗等。

(2) Restorative maintenance, also known as troubleshooting maintenance or fault maintenance, is all activities carried out to restore the endoscope to the specified state after failure. Including fault location, isolation, disassembly, replacement, installation, adjustment, inspection, etc.
（3）應急性維修，是指內鏡正在臨床使用中，突然發生故障的緊急修理。主要表現是隨機故障、操作差錯或者意外事故造成的損壞等。
(3) Emergency maintenance refers to the emergency repair of sudden failure of endoscopy in clinical use. The main manifestations are damage caused by random faults, operation errors or accidents.
（4）改進性維修，利用完成維修任務的時機，對內鏡的技術指標或性能或使之適用某一特殊用途，改進性的維修實質是修改內鏡的部分設計。
(4) Improved maintenance refers to the use of the opportunity to complete the maintenance task to improve the technical index or performance of the endoscope or make it suitable for a special purpose. The essence of improved maintenance is to modify part of the design of the endoscope.
（5）按維修性質、范圍、深度分為小修、中修、大修。小修是指輕度損壞的維修，屬于臨床運行性修理。中修是指對主要系統、部件進行恢復性能的修理，屬于平衡性修理。大修是指對內鏡性能全面恢復的修理，屬于全面恢復性修理。
(5) According to the nature, scope and depth of maintenance, it is divided into minor repair, medium repair and overhaul. Minor repair refers to the repair of slight damage, which belongs to clinical operation repair. Intermediate repair refers to the repair to restore the performance of main systems and components, which belongs to balanced repair. Overhaul refers to the repair of comprehensive restoration of endoscopic performance, which belongs to comprehensive restorative repair.
（6）按內鏡的結構故障維修又分為光學系統維修、機械系統維修、電氣控制系統維修。又可稱為光路、水路、氣路、電路、油路全面維修。
(6) According to the structure of endoscope, fault maintenance is divided into optical system maintenance, mechanical system maintenance and electrical control system maintenance. It can also be called comprehensive maintenance of light path, water path, gas path, circuit and oil path.
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