Endoscopes can be divided into two categories according to the use scenarios: Industrial endoscopes and medical endoscopes. Medical endoscopes are indispensable diagnostic and surgical equipment in general surgery, ENT, Urology, orthopedics, gynecology and other departments, and are also one of the fast-growing products in the global medical device industry.

內窺鏡背景介紹：

Background of endoscope:

內窺鏡是一種常用的醫療器械，經人體的自然孔道或經手術做的小切口進入人體內，使用時將內窺鏡導入預檢查的器官，可直接窺視有關部位的變化。

Endoscope is a kind of commonly used medical instrument. It enters the human body through the natural orifice or small incision made by surgery. When it is used, the endoscope is introduced into the pre examined organ to directly observe the changes of the relevant parts.

內窺鏡主要由三大系統組成，分別為窺鏡系統、圖像顯示系統、照明系統。以目前較為常用的電子內窺鏡為例，窺鏡系統包括操作手柄和鏡體，鏡體伸入患者體內，鏡體內部并列多個管道，包括照明光纖、傳像光纖（電子內窺鏡中是CCD視頻線）、傳氣通道、傳水通道、器械通道等，內窺鏡精密度非常高，需要多個專業領域相互配合。

Endoscope is mainly composed of three systems: endoscope system, image display system and lighting system. Taking the electronic endoscope which is commonly used at present as an example, the endoscope system includes the operating handle and the mirror body. The mirror body extends into the patient's body, and there are several parallel pipes inside the mirror body, including lighting optical fiber, image transmission optical fiber (CCD video line in the electronic endoscope), air transmission channel, water transmission channel, instrument channel, etc. the precision of the endoscope is very high, which requires the cooperation of multiple professional fields.
                       

從歷史的時間軸上看，通過成像系統的原理和軟硬程度兩個標準的不斷進步，內窺鏡的發展經歷了硬管式內窺鏡、半可屈式內窺鏡、纖維內窺鏡、電子內窺鏡四個階段。通俗上講，硬管式內窺鏡、半可屈式內窺鏡定義為硬鏡，纖維內窺鏡和電子內窺鏡由于可以自由彎曲，被稱為軟鏡，臨床應用范圍也在不斷擴大。

From the historical perspective, the development of endoscopy has experienced four stages: rigid tube endoscopy, semi flexible endoscopy, fiber endoscopy and electronic endoscopy. Generally speaking, rigid tube endoscopy and semi flexible endoscopy are defined as rigid endoscopy. Fiber endoscopy and electronic endoscopy are called soft endoscopy because they can bend freely, and the scope of clinical application is also expanding.

目前電子內窺鏡臨床應用分為診斷和治療兩個方面，診斷功能主要是臨床醫生通過內窺鏡獲得實時動態的內部圖像，并且通過合適的器械取得組織進行體外檢測；而治療功能則需要配備專業的微創手術器具，進行特定的手術治療。

At present, the clinical application of electronic endoscopy is divided into two aspects: diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis function is mainly that clinicians obtain real-time dynamic internal images through endoscopy, and obtain tissues through appropriate instruments for in vitro detection; The treatment function needs to be equipped with professional minimally invasive surgical instruments for specific surgical treatment.

內窺鏡主要的應用場景包括耳鼻喉、口腔、消化道、尿道膀胱、腎臟、關節、腹腔等器官或部位。

The main application scenarios of endoscopy include Otolaryngology, oral cavity, digestive tract, urethra, bladder, kidney, joint, abdominal cavity and other organs or parts.

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