Hard endoscope is a kind of expensive and high-frequency precision equipment. It seems to be solid, but in fact, it is fragile, which may cause damage to the mirror in all aspects of use.

（1）手術操作過程中的跌落、碰撞、不正確的拿取方法、使用不適當的手術器械、醫生使用時的野蠻用力等都會導致鏡子的損壞。

(1) In the process of operation, the drop, collision, incorrect handling method, improper use of surgical instruments, and the brute force of doctors will lead to the damage of the mirror.

（2）清洗滅菌過程是引起內窺鏡損壞的第二大殺手。部分非專業護士在清洗時搞不清楚清洗消毒的方法與步驟，造成鏡子的擠壓或被其他利器損傷，導致其密封性能受損而引發漏水，物鏡、目鏡受到污染。

(2) Cleaning and sterilization process is the second biggest killer of endoscope damage. Some non professional nurses are not clear about the methods and steps of cleaning and disinfection during cleaning, resulting in the extrusion of the mirror or damage by other sharp tools, resulting in the damage of its sealing performance and water leakage, and the objective lens and eyepiece are polluted.

（3）清洗完畢后不加保護措施存放也會導致鏡子的損壞。

(3) The mirror will be damaged if it is stored without protective measures after cleaning.

使用時的注意事項：

Precautions during use:
 鏡體與工作管的連接處是硬鏡的主要受力處，容易出現彎折現象。平時在拿取存放時應采取正確的持鏡方法，一手握住鏡體，另一手托住鏡管，輕拿輕放。在手術過程中，盡量避免與帶有刃口的手術器械放在一起。禁止鏡子垂直擺放，禁止敲擊鏡身。

The connection between the mirror body and the working tube is the main force bearing part of the hard mirror, which is prone to bending. At ordinary times, the correct method of holding the mirror should be adopted when taking and storing, holding the mirror body with one hand, holding the mirror tube with the other hand, and handle it gently. During the operation, try to avoid putting it together with the surgical instrument with a cutting edge. It is forbidden to place the mirror vertically and knock on the mirror body.

保養方法：

Maintenance method:

（1）嚴格遵循鏡子的保養原則，輕拿輕放，單獨擺放，不能碰撞。

(1) Strictly follow the maintenance principle of the mirror, handle it with care and place it separately without collision.

（2）防止鏡子起霧。手術前用溫熱水浸泡，涂防霧油，術中可以在肝或腸壁上蹭一下。

(2) Prevent the mirror from fogging. Before the operation, soak in warm water and apply anti fog oil. During the operation, rub on the liver or intestinal wall.

（3）不能使用超聲波清洗內窺鏡。

(3) Do not use ultrasonic to clean the endoscope.

（4）控制預真空壓力蒸汽滅菌的時間。通?？梢允褂妙A真空壓力蒸汽滅菌的鏡子會在內鏡上標注Autoclave。溫度在132~134℃時滅菌時間應少于5min，溫度在121℃時滅菌時間應少于20min，且在預真空壓力蒸汽滅菌后一定要自然冷卻。

(4) Control the time of pre vacuum pressure steam sterilization. Autoclave is usually marked on the endoscope when a pre vacuum pressure steam sterilized mirror is used. The sterilization time should be less than 5min when the temperature is 132-134 ℃, and 20min when the temperature is 121 ℃.

（5）不要頻繁地更換滅菌方法，否則會破壞鏡子的密封性。

(5) Do not change the sterilization method frequently, otherwise the sealing of the mirror will be damaged.

（6）內鏡在任何溶液中的浸泡時間不能超過60min。

(6) The immersion time of endoscope in any solution shall not exceed 60min.

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